Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AMOUNTS APPLIED WITH DRIP IRRIGATION ON MAIZE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, YIELD, WATER USE EFFICIENCY, AND NET RETURN IN A SUB–HUMID CLIMATE

Hayrettin KUSCU, Abdullah KARASU, Mehmet OZ, Ali Osman DEMIR, İlhan TURGUT

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation amount applied with drip irrigation on field maize (Zea mays L.) evapotranspiration (ET), yield, water use efficiency, yield response factor (ky) and net return in a sub–humid environment of Turkey. Irrigation management treatments were created as 125%, 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% replenishment of water depleted in the 90 cm root zone from 100% replenishment treatment in every seven days. Irrigation amounts ranged from 76 to 1120 mm in 2007 and from 91 to 997 mm in 2008. The treatments resulted in seasonal ET of 311–1078 mm and 298–1061 mm in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The average grain yields varied from 5570 to 16535 kg ha–1. In both seasons, irrigation significantly affected yields, which increased with irrigation up to a level (1100 mm of irrigation water amount), but additional amounts of irrigation did not increase it any further. Yields increased linearly with seasonal ET. The yield response factor (ky) averaged 0.89 over the two seasons. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were obtained for the treatment of 25% deficit irrigation. A further increase in water amount from reference irrigation (T–100) increased grain yield but reduced both the WUE and IWUE. The reference irrigation treatment gave the highest net return of $3212 ha–1. The results revealed that the full irrigation is the best choice for higher yield and net income. The results also suggest that 25% deficit irrigation approach may be a good strategy for increase water use efficiencies when full irrigation is not possible.

Keyword: Maize, net return, water–yield relationships, water use efficiency, yield response factor ,

Effects of Different Water Stress Levels on Biomass Yield and Agronomic Traits of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Varieties under Semi-Arid Conditio

Erdal GONULAL, Suleyman SOYLU, Mehmet SAHIN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in the Wielkopolska region at the Gorzyń Research Station, Poland (52.34°N, 15.54°E) in Central Europe. The study was conducted over a 3-year period (2017, 2018, 2019) as a two-factorial design with four replications in the RCBD. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the cultivar (‘Bolero’, ‘Tytan’) and the inoculation (Nitragina–seeds inoculation, Nitroflora I–seeds inoculation, Nitroflora II–soil inoculation, HiStick® Lupin–seeds inoculation) on plant development, seeds chemical composition and yielding of narrow-leaved lupin. The weather conditions and experimental factors significantly influenced on productivity of narrow-leaved lupin ‘Tytan’. Drought during the growing season reduced seeds and protein yields. After inoculation of HiStck the seeds yield was significantly greater by 12.4% (p < 0.01) and the protein yield after application of Nitroflora I or HiStick by 13.9% (p < 0.01) and 19.2% (p < 0.01), respectively. Correlation coefficients showed strong relations between number of pods and seeds per plant in both cultivars regardless of the inoculation variant, however the strongest relations in both cultivar were proved on HiStick treatment.
Keyword: Biological nitrogen fixation, chemical composition, legumes, protein efficiency, yielding