This study was conducted at the University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture in 2013 and 2014 as a main and double crop growing season. The objective of this study was to compare of agronomic and quality characteristics of some peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties grown as a main and double crop. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with three replications. The Halisbey, Sultan, Osmaniye-2005, Arioglu-2003, Batem-5025, NC-7, Flower-22, Flower-32, Flower-36, Brantley, Wilson (Virginia market type), Florispan (Spanish market type), Georgia Green (Runner market type) and Spantex (Valencia market type) varieties were used as a plant material in this research. Pod number and pod weight per plant, 100 seed weight, shelling percentage, oil and protein content, pod and kernel yield per hectare values of varieties were compared. The average pod number, pod weight per plant, fancy pod percentage, protein and oil percentage, pod and kernel yield values of peanut varieties were higher in main crop than in double crop, whereas 100 seed weight and shelling percentage were higher in double crop than in main crop growing season. According to a two-year average, the pod yield per hectare of peanut varieties varied between 3366-8796 kg ha-1 and 3621-7094 kg ha-1 main and double crop growing season, respectively. The average pod yield of peanut varieties were 6177 kg ha-1 in main cropped, it was decreased to 5456 kg ha-1 in double crop growing season. The highest pod yield was obtained from Sultan and Osmaniye-2005 varieties in both growing seasons.