Turkish Journal of Field Crops

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EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY İN EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THREE TAGETES SPECIES

Elnaz LATIFIAN , Cigdem OTUR , Busra ABANOZ-SECGİN , Sahane Funda ARSLANOGLU , Aslıhan KURT-KIZILDOGAN

Abstract

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics often results in the development of resistant microbial strains. The unprecedented increase in cases of antimicrobial drug resistance, the discovery of newer agents, particularly from natural plant metabolites, are required for the control of such prevalent and recurring infectious diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts from different parts of Tagetes patula, Tagetes erecta, and Tagetes minuta, which are important medicinal plants. Five grams of airdried flower, leaf, and bud (only for T. patula and T. erecta) samples were extracted three times with methanol: water (4:1) at room temperature in the dark for 24 h. The methanol: water extracts were combined, filtered, and concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator at 40 °C. The extracts were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against nine indicator strains [three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis), three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Phytophthora erythroseptica)] by Agar well diffusion assay. Broth microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the extracts that showed antimicrobial activity against Grampositive bacteria and P. erythroseptica. The T. patula leaf extracts led to the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC 6633 with an inhibition zone of 17 mm and a MIC value of 256 µg/ml. The bud and flower extracts of T. patula were potent against the same strain at an intermediary level. Also, the T. erecta bud extracts inhibited the growth of E. faecalis ATCC 29212 at a moderate level. In this study, only the T. patula flower extracts showed antifungal activity against P. erythroseptica strain with a MIC value of 426.7 µg/ml. Our findings make an excellent contribution to revealing the antimicrobial activity of T. erecta, T. patula and T. minuta by comparing the methanol-extracted leaf, bud, and flower parts at a single experimental setup.

Keyword: Antimicrobial activity, Extraction, Tagetes patula, Tagetes erecta, Tagetes minuta ,

Effects of Different Water Stress Levels on Biomass Yield and Agronomic Traits of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Varieties under Semi-Arid Conditio

Erdal GONULAL, Suleyman SOYLU, Mehmet SAHIN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in the Wielkopolska region at the Gorzyń Research Station, Poland (52.34°N, 15.54°E) in Central Europe. The study was conducted over a 3-year period (2017, 2018, 2019) as a two-factorial design with four replications in the RCBD. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the cultivar (‘Bolero’, ‘Tytan’) and the inoculation (Nitragina–seeds inoculation, Nitroflora I–seeds inoculation, Nitroflora II–soil inoculation, HiStick® Lupin–seeds inoculation) on plant development, seeds chemical composition and yielding of narrow-leaved lupin. The weather conditions and experimental factors significantly influenced on productivity of narrow-leaved lupin ‘Tytan’. Drought during the growing season reduced seeds and protein yields. After inoculation of HiStck the seeds yield was significantly greater by 12.4% (p < 0.01) and the protein yield after application of Nitroflora I or HiStick by 13.9% (p < 0.01) and 19.2% (p < 0.01), respectively. Correlation coefficients showed strong relations between number of pods and seeds per plant in both cultivars regardless of the inoculation variant, however the strongest relations in both cultivar were proved on HiStick treatment.
Keyword: Biological nitrogen fixation, chemical composition, legumes, protein efficiency, yielding